Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Investigation and optimization of SDS and key parameters effect on the nickel electroless coatings properties by Taguchi method

  • Published:
Journal of Coatings Technology and Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In this research, the influence of anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), pH, substrate finishing, and annealing temperature on the surface morphology and hardness of the electroless nickel phosphorus (ENi–P) coatings were studied. Taguchi’s experimental design method was used. Parameters selected in three levels and L9 from orthogonal robust array design were employed. Surface roughnesses of the deposits were measured using a stylus instrument. Scanning electron microscope and x-ray diffraction analysis were implemented to study surface morphologies and phase composition, respectively. Microhardness of the ENi–P deposits was measured using a microhardness tester at three trials per sample. The results showed that addition of the SDS increases the microhardness and improves surface morphology. Finally, optimum condition was achieved as, surfactant concentration equal to 1.5 g/L, pH 5.5, substrate finishing provided with emery paper no. 2000, and annealing temperature equal to 400°C.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Riedel, W, Electroless Nickel Plating. Finishing Publications Ltd., UK (1991)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Mallory, GO, Hajdu, JB, Electroless Plating: Fundamental and Applications. AESF, Florida (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Wolf, W, Avallone, EA, Baumeister, T (eds.), “Marks’ Standard Handbook for Mechanical Engineers, Section 13.5.” Surface Texture Designation, Production, and Control. McGraw-Hill (1996)

  4. Baudrand, DW, Electroless Nickel Plating, Surface Engineering, Vol. 5. ASM International, Materials Park, OH (1994)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Davis, J, R & Associates, Surface Engineering for Corrosion and Wear Resistance. ASM International (2001)

  6. Malfatti, CF, Veit, HM, Menezes, TL, Ferreira, JZ, Rodrigues, JS, Bonino, JP, “The Surfactant Addition Effect in the Elaboration of Electrodepositated NiP-SiC Composite Coatings.” Surf. Coat. Technol., 201 (1) 6318–6324 (2007)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Shukla, N, Ahner, J, Weller, D, “Dip-Coating of FePt Nanoparticle Films: Surfactant Effects.” J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 1349 (1) 272–276 (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Myers, D, Surfactants Science and Technology. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey, Canada (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Tadros, TF, Applied Surfactants, Principles and Applications. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim (2005)

  10. Elansezhian, R, Ramamoorthy, B, Kesavan Nair, P, “Effect of Surfactants on the Mechanical Properties of Electroless (Ni–P) Coating.” Surf. Coat. Technol., 203 (1) 709–712 (2008)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Cox, DR, Reid, N, Theory of the Design of Experiments. Chapman & Hall/CRC, London (2000)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  12. Roy, R, A Primer on the Taguchi Method. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York (1990)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  13. Park, SH, Robust Design and Analysis for Quality Engineering. Chapman & Hall, London (1996)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Elansezhian, R, Ramamoorthy, B, Kesavan Nair, P, “The Influence of SDS and CTAB Surfactants on the Surface Morphology and Surface Topography of Electroless Ni–P Deposits.” J. Mater. Process. Technol., 209 (1) 233–240 (2009)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Hutchinson, E, Shinoda, K, Solvent Properties of Surfactant Solutions, Vol. 2. Marcel Dekker Inc., New York (1967)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Lin, YC, Duh, JG, “Effect of Surfactant on Electrodeposited Ni–P Layer as an Under Bump Metallization.” J. Alloys Comp., 439 (1) 74–80 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Rosen, MJ, Cohen, AW, Dahanayake, M, Huat, X-Y, “Relationship of Structure to Properties in Surfactants. 10. Surface and Thermodynamic Properties of 2-Dodecyloxypoly(ethenoxyethanol)s, C2H25(OC2H4O)xH, in Aqueous Solution.” J. Phys. Chem., 86 (1) 541–545 (1982)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Alirezaei, Sh, Monirvaghefi, SM, Salehi, M, Saatchi, A, “Effect of Alumina Content on Surface Morphology and Hardness of Ni-P-Al2O3 (α) Electroless Composite Coatings.” Surf. Coat. Technol., 184 (1) 170–175 (2004)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Cullity, BD, Elements of X-ray Diffraction. Addison-Wesley publishing company, INC, Reading, MA (1978)

    Google Scholar 

  20. Farzaneh, A, Ehteshamzadeh, M, Ghorbani, M, “Study Influence of Surfactant and Other Parameter on the Surface Morphology and Corrosion Resistance of Nickel Electroless Coating by Taguchi Method.” Proceeding of Eleventh National Corrosion Congress, Kerman, Iran, May 2009

  21. Tomlinson, WJ, Carroll, MW, “Substrate Roughness, Deposit Thickness and the Corrosion of Electroless Nickel Coatings.” J. Mater. Sci., 25 (1) 4972–4976 (1990)

    Article  CAS  ADS  Google Scholar 

  22. Mimani, T, Mayanna, SM, “The Effect of Microstructure on the Corrosion Behavior of Electroless Ni-P Alloys in Acidic Media.” Surf. Coat. Technol., 79 (1) 246–251 (1996)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgment

Funding support for this work was provided by Vice Chancellor Research of International center for Science, High Technology and Environmental Sciences according to the research Project Number 618802 in the period of 2009/2010 and is highly acknowledged. The authors would like to acknowledge Mr. Meysam Mohammadi and Iraj Ahadzadeh for their assist.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran

    A. Farzaneh & M. Ehteshamzadeh

  2. Materials Research Institute, International Center for Science, High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Kerman, Iran

    A. Farzaneh & M. Ehteshamzadeh

  3. Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran

    M. Ghorbani

  4. Department of Minerals Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

    J. Vazifeh Mehrabani

Authors
  1. A. Farzaneh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. M. Ehteshamzadeh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. M. Ghorbani
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. J. Vazifeh Mehrabani
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to M. Ehteshamzadeh.

Additional information

This paper is dedicated to the memory of the founder of Kerman University, Mr. Alireza Afzalipour, on the occasion of the centenary of his birth and to the memory of his cultured wife, Mrs. Fakhereh Saba.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Farzaneh, A., Ehteshamzadeh, M., Ghorbani, M. et al. Investigation and optimization of SDS and key parameters effect on the nickel electroless coatings properties by Taguchi method. J Coat Technol Res 7, 547–555 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11998-009-9232-y

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11998-009-9232-y

Keywords

Search

Navigation